1. What is the scientific method? What are the steps used in the method?
2. Define controlled experiment, control group & variable?
3. Name 4 important lab safety rules.
4. What is Biology?
5. Name the 8 characteristics of life.
6. Know microscope parts & functions, how do you figure out total magnification?
7. What is the difference between a solid, liquid, and a gas?
8. What is an atom & what 3 particles are found inside an atom?
9. Why is water a polar molecule?
10. What is the pH range of base? Acid?
11. What is a buffer?
12. What element do ALL organic compounds contain? What makes this element special?
13. Define carbohydrate, monosaccharide & polysaccharide.
14. Contrast dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis.
15. Define lipid. What monomers are they made of? How does one differ from another?
16. Contrast saturated lipids & unsaturated lipids.
17. Define sterols & phospholipids. Where do we find each?
18. What elements do proteins contain? What monomers make up proteins?
19. What do enzymes do? Define substrate & active site.
20. What makes up an amino acid? How does one differ from another?
21. Define peptide bond & polypeptide.
22. What elements make up a nucleic acid? What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
23. Who is Hooke? Leeuwenhoek? What did they do?
24. What organelles do plants have that animals do not? What is each used for?
25. What is the cell theory?
26. What is ATP?
27. Why is ATP important?
28. Define cell & organelle. Give 3 examples of organelles & what they do?
29. Contrast prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells.
30. What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?
31. Define diffusion, osmosis & concentration gradient.
32. Define exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis & pinocytosis.
33. What is equilibrium?
34. Contrast passive & active transport.
35. If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, which way will water move? What about a hypotonic solution?
36. Define cytokinesis. How is it different in plants and animals?
37. What determines how quickly materials enter and leave a cell?
38. What are chromosomes made up of?
39. A cell contains 15 chromosomes, how many will it have after mitosis?
40. At the beginning of mitosis, what does a chromosome consist of?
41. Define centromere, chromatid, and chromatin.
42. Name the phases of mitosis. What happens in each? Draw a sketch of each.
43. What phase of interphase is DNA replicated in?
44. As you move from Kingdom to Species, organisms become MORE or LESS similar.
45. Who came up with the 2 name system of genus and species?
46. Felis domesticus. Which name is the genus?
47. Give 2 reasons why scientists don’t use common names. What language is used?
48. What is the correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species?
49. Define a cladogram.
50. Define a community
51. What does an ecosystem consist of?
52. What is the difference between a niche and a habitat?
53. What are organisms that manufacture organic nutrients for an ecosystem called?
54. What is the primary producer in a cow pasture?
55. What happens to nitrogen when an organism dies?
56. In a food web, which type of organism receives energy from every other type?
57. In an energy pyramid, where do you find the most energy? The bottom or the top?
58. Water and minerals needed by all organisms on Earth are recycled through the ___________ cycles.
59. Precipitation and evaporation are important components of the ________ cycle.
60. Decomposition, bacteria, ammonia and fixation are part of what cycle?
61. Proteins are made up of this important organic compound that is involved in a biogeochemical cycle.
62. Name 3 things that come from decayed plants, are fossil fuels, and release carbon dioxide when they are burned.
63. When humans burn fossil fuels, destroy vegetation that absorbs carbon dioxide, and clear cut forests, we are impacting the _______ cycle.
64. Populations grow because the ________ rate is higher than the ________ rate.
65. As a population reaches its carrying capacity, there may be an increase in competition for these 3 things:
66. Human population growth is currently most rapid in developed/developing countries?
67. _____________ coevolve with their hosts, are usually smaller than their hosts, and rarely kill their hosts.
68. What is competitive exclusion?
69. Give an example of mutualism and commensalism.
70. Define succession.
71. What kind of succession occurs after a forest fire?
72. When a previously existing community is replaced, this is called ____________ succession.
73. Scientists strongly suspect that temperatures are increasing on Earth because increasing______________ in the atmosphere is trapping more heat. This is called the ________________ effect.
74. Pines, spruces and firs are examples of ___________.
75. Pollen is produced in the ________.
76. What is the male part of the flower?
77. What is the female part of the flower?