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7. According to the nonequilibrial model of succession,
a. chance events such as dispersal and disturbance play major roles in succession, and species composition remains in flux
b. species diversity is greatest in the climax community
c. when succession reaches a climax community, only extinctions make room for new colonists
d. the communities with the greatest diversity have the greatest resistance to change
e. early colonizers are r-selected and later community members are K-selected
8. Two species of Anolis lizards are often found perched and feeding in the same trees. Species I is usually found in the upper and outer branches, species II usually occupies shady inner branches. An ecologists removes one or the other species and observes changes in the remaining species’s distribution in the trees. Species I is found throughout the branches of trees in which it is now the sole occupant. Species II is still found in the shady interior when it is the sole occupant. What does the ecologist conclude from these experimental results?
a. species I is the better competitor
b. species I is not a shade-tolerant species
c. the fundamental niche of species II is identical to its realized niche
d. the fundamental niche of species II is larger than its realized niche
e. the fundamental niche of species I is identical to its realized niche