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Which statement best describes extinction?
A) Extinction is very rare and was not seen at all until the last few hundred years.
B) Extinction is most common for generalist species that have large niches.
C) Extinction is always caused by human interferences to an ecosystem.
D) Extinction events have happened throughout all of Earth’s long history.
E) Extinction increases Earth’s biodiversity over long time periods
I am torn between D and E. It could be E because my text book says “The balance between the evolution of new species and extinction of existing species is what creates earth’s biodiversity.” So I don’t know which one best describes extinction. What do you think?

Approximately 65 million years ago, a mass extinction occurred on planet Earth. Layers of soil dating back to this time contain large amounts of the radioactive element iridium. This indicates that a large asteroid or comet struck Earth, throwing up huge clouds of debris, which would block much of the sunlight. Food became very scarce. Half of the marine species and nearly all of the dinosaur species went extinct during this time. Soon after the cloud settled, the surviving species of mammals rapidly diversified and filled the niches left empty by the dinosaurs. What evolutionary event was represented by this asteroid collision and the resulting cloud?
a. mutation
b. gene flow
c. genetic drift
d. natural selection
Thanks!

Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth,
The parable of His Light is as if there were a niche,
And within it a Lamp: The Lamp enclosed in Glass;
The glass as it were a brilliant star;
Lit from a blessed Tree,
An Olive, neither of the East nor of the West,
Whose oil is well-nigh luminous, though fire scarce touched it;
Light upon Light!
Allah doth set forth parables for men: and Allah doth know all things.
surah 24:35 Al Nur (The Light)
I know its more epic in Arabic!

imagine tomorrow every land animal except chickens went extinct, then you come back and look at the earth in say 100,000,000 years time, will the chickens have filled all ecological niches left by the other animals by then?

so i havent read quran for a while and life being kinda stressful i picked it up and read surah muminoon and nur. as i was reading verse 35 i pondered on the beautiful imagery in the verse.
“Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The Parable of His Light is as if there were a Niche and within it a Lamp: the Lamp enclosed in Glass: the glass as it were a brilliant star: Lit from a blessed Tree, an Olive, neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil is well-nigh luminous, though fire scarce touched it: Light upon Light! Allah doth guide whom He will to His Light: Allah doth set forth Parables for men: and Allah doth know all things.”(24:35)

If you don’t know what the Pioneer plaque is: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_pla…
Any wild theories as to what will happen to Pioneer 10 and 11 in the far off future? What significance will that little gold plated plaque bring about to the extraterrestials lucky enough to happen upon it?
Excluding of course the bad turn of luck where we give our address to hostile aliens vying to take our gold, as in “Battlefield Earth”.
Frankly, I think the secrets of the plaque are way too complicate for the average galactic citizen to figure out, and most likely one of the Pioneer twins will crash land on alien farmer’s field and the plaque will be used as a cutting board or defaced as a sign board for the farmer’s stall on market fair day.