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Thomas Malthus’s 1798 work, Essay on the Principle of Population, greatly influenced Darwin. Which of the following statements best summarizes Malthus’s idea?
A) Animals are able to pass to their offspring characteristics that were acquired in their lifetimes.
B) Individuals that can run faster are more likely to survive and pass their genes to the next generation.
C) Isolated populations of organisms, such as Darwin’s finches on the Galápagos Islands, tend to differentiate into new species to fill different niches.
D) The size of human populations, like animal populations, is directly determined by the carrying capacity of the environment.
E) People reproduce much more quickly than their resources do. This results in competition for food and space, and in suffering and death.

Thomas Malthus’s 1798 work, Essay on the Principle of Population, greatly influenced Darwin. Which of the following statements best summarizes Malthus’s idea?
A) Animals are able to pass to their offspring characteristics that were acquired in their lifetimes.
B) Individuals that can run faster are more likely to survive and pass their genes to the next generation.
C) Isolated populations of organisms, such as Darwin’s finches on the Galápagos Islands, tend to differentiate into new species to fill different niches.
D) The size of human populations, like animal populations, is directly determined by the carrying capacity of the environment.
E) People reproduce much more quickly than their resources do. This results in competition for food and space, and in suffering and death.

1.) Censuses were instituted as a basis for taxation and for political representation.
True
False
2.) The development of demographic calculations started in the 17th century.
True
False
3.) Two of the most important indicators of demography are birth and death rates, which are also referred to as fertility and mortality.
True
False
4.) Fecundity is the potential reproductive capacity of a female.
True
False
5.) The crude birth rate is the annual number of live births per thousand people.
True
False
6.) Recent studies take issue with the idea that human populations are naturally implosive.
True
False
7.) Overpopulation indicates a scenario in which the population of a living species exceeds the carrying capacity of its ecological niche.
True
False
8.) As the century begins, natural resources are under increasing pressure, threatening public health and development.
True
False
9.) Unclean water, along with poor sanitation, kills over 1 billion people each year, most in developing countries.
True
False
10.) Slowing population growth would help improve living standards and would buy time to protect natural resources.
True
False
11.) Societies that adapt to environmental scarcities can avoid undue suffering and social stress.
True
False
12.) Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of people in a society.
True
False
13.) Anthropologists identify egalitarian cultures as “kinship-oriented,” because they value wealth and status more than social harmony.
True
False
14.) The most important transformation of society for Marxists has been the massive and rapid growth of the proletariat in the world population during the last twenty years.
True
False
15.) The understanding of race as a social construct can be illustrated by examining race issues in two countries, the U.S. and Brazil.
True
False
16.) Compared to the 19th century United States, 20th century Brazil was characterized by a relative absence of sharply defined racial groups.
True
False
17.) The male sex in many animals is defined as the one which produces the larger gamete (i.e., reproductive cell) and which bears the offspring.
True
False
18.) In mammals sex is determined by the sex chromosomes, called X and Y.
True
False
19.) Social status is the “standing”, the honor or prestige attached to one’s position in society.
True
False
20.) A status symbol is usually an inexpensive, highly common object that indicates a high social status for its owner.
True
False
Thanks in advance. They are all true/false questions.