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1. what is an ecological niche ? give an ex?
2. describe six characteristics shared by all ecosystem?
3. how does energy move in ecosystem?
4. why doesn’t trash decompose in a modern landfill?
5. what is the ozone layer ? where is it located? why is it important to life on earth?
6. what is the ozone hole? how hav government responded to the discovery of the ozone hole?
7.why is ozone in the stratosphere considered beneficial whereas ozone at ground level is not?
8.what is acid rain? what steps would have to be taken to solve the acid rain problem?
9. why is the greenhouse effect a current areas of scientific concern when the earth has had carbon dioxide ,methane, and water vapor for several billion years?

(1) deserts are defined as areas with which of the following characteristics?
-arid conditions
-high temperature
-lack of vegetation
-all of the above
(2) The ___ is the population size that can be maintained given a certain number of limiting factors?
-carrying capacity
-limit level
-niche
-population density
(3) which of the following describes organisms in a pelagic zone?
-plankton floating near the ocean surface
-botton-dwellers on the ocean floor
-barnacles glued to stone in an intertidal zone
-frogs in a pond close to the ponds edge
(4) which of the following is not an example of secondary sucession?
-farmland is abandoned
-a forest is clear cut
-a lava flow covers the landscape
-a wildfire burns away the vegetation on a hillside
(5) in a lake, the epilimnion is the?
-environment found close to shore in a lake
-environment found at the lake bed
-lower, colder layer
-upper surface layer
(6) groundwater located in permeable layers of rock is a/an?
-reservoir
-aquifer
-artesian
-aquiclude
(7) greenhouse gases include which of these?
-carbon dioxide
-nitrous oxide
-methane
-all of these
(8) if nothing is done to control the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, global temperature is expected to?
-rise
-droop
-even off
-fluctuate randonly
(9) oxygen and nitrogen gases comprise ___% of the atmosphere by volume
-21
-50
-78
-99
(10) ___ is a scientific discipline that devolops practical approaches to preven extinction of species and destruction of ecosystems?
-ecology
-environmentalism
-conservation biology
-biogeography
(11) increases in greenhouse gases cause increases in global temperature because these gases are able to trap heat rerafiated from earth’s surface?
-true
-false