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A.) participating in a herbivorous relationship
B.) forming a symbiotic relationship
C.) attempting to occupy the same niche.
D.) initiating primary succession after a disturbance.

ACROSS:
7. study of the development of organisms that shows common ancestry, such as limb buds on a snake (10 letters)
14. type of evolution that involves a symbiotic relationship involving two unrelated species that depend on one another (11 letters)
16. structure similar characteristics due to common ancestry, such as bones in the limbs of tetrapods (10 letters)
19. structures that no longer have a function but are reduced forms, such as human appendix (9 letters)
20. type of evolution when two distantly related species develop similar characteristics, often because they have similar niches (10 letters)
21. theory that evolution occurs at a slow and steady pace (10 words)
DOWN
2. the process by which isolated populations of the same populations develop different characteristics (10 letters)
3. goosebumps are an example of this type of adaption (13 letters)
5. process by which those characteristics that permit survival and reproduction are continued and eventually replace less advantageous characteristics. ( 16 letters)
6. population numbers become very low then rebound, resulting in a change in allelic frequency. ( 10 letters)
9. process of dispersal, adaption, and subsequent speciation (17 letters).
15. random and permanent change in the DNA of an organism (8 letters)

A. the organisms may have to compete directly
B. one organism usually migrates to a new habitat
C. the two organisms will always form a symbiotic relationship
D. both organisms will disappear from the habitat
In his experiments with two species of paramecia, G. F. Gause proved that two competitors cannot coexist on the same limited resources. This outcome demonstrated the principle of
A. symbiosis
B. intraspecific competition
C. succession
D. competitive niche
When two species compete, the niche that each species ultimately occupies is its
A. competitive niche
B. exclusive niche
C. fundamental niche
D. realized niche

10.
Which of the following are detritivores?
A) worms
B) vultures
C) fungi
D) All of the above
16.
Biomes characterized by high annual rainfalls are located at high elevations.
A) True
B) False
20.
The most likely reason there are few large trees in the tundra is because
A) they are grazed by bison.
B) permafrost restricts root development.
C) the soil is nutrient-poor.
D) the average temperature is too warm.
34.
The caterpillars of cabbage butterflies are the only insects that can eat plants of the mustard family because they
A) eat these plants only when young and tender.
B) have evolved the ability to break down mustard oils into harmless chemicals.
C) are parasites while in this stage of development.
D) All of the above
35.
If the niches of two organisms overlap,
A) the organisms may have to compete directly.
B) the two organisms will always form a symbiotic relationship.
C) both organisms will disappear from the habitat.
D) one organism usually migrates to a new habitat.

8.
The competitive exclusion principle states that competition usually results in the establishment of cooperation between two species.
A) True
B) False
9.
A long-term relationship in which both participating species benefit is known as parasitism.
A) True
B) False
10.
The process by which species evolve in response to other living members of their ecosystem is called
A) compromise.
B) parasitism.
C) coevolution.
D) ecology.
11.
An organism’s niche includes
A) what it eats.
B) where it eats.
C) when it eats.
D) All of the above
12.
The relationship between plants and the bees that pollinate them is an example of
A) commensalism.
B) competition.
C) mutualism.
D) parasitism.
13.
When two species compete, the niche that each species ultimately occupies is its
A) competitive niche.
B) realized niche.
C) fundamental niche.
D) exclusive niche.
14.
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which only one party benefits.
A) True
B) False
15.
The number of trophic levels in an ecological pyramid
A) is limitless.
B) is limited by the amount of energy that is lost at each trophic level.
C) never exceeds four.
D) never exceeds three.